Vitalik Buterin Outlines Ethereum's 2030 Roadmap Toward a 'Cryptographic World Computer'

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin detailed a vision for Ethereum to evolve from a standard blockchain into a hybrid cryptographic system. The roadmap suggests the 2027 Hegotá upgrade may be the final 'traditional' hard fork, with future development focusing on recursive STARKs, formal verification, and optimized consensus. The transition shifts the network from 'download and re-execute' to 'sample and verify a proof.' Recent steps include the PeerDAS implementation in the Fusaka upgrade, with the 2026 Glamsterdam upgrade set to introduce ePBS and block-level access lists to improve parallel execution.