The Decline of Gas: Blockchain's Shift Toward 'Chain Cloud' Infrastructure

The concept of 'Gas' as a unified resource abstraction is losing its explanatory power as blockchain networks move toward more granular resource markets. Hyperliquid is embedding resource costs into business service fees, while Solana is separating inclusion fees from specific resource consumption costs. Internet Computer (ICP) utilizes a 'cycles' model linked to real-world resources like compute and storage, and Ethereum's upcoming Glamsterdam upgrade is introducing multi-dimensional fee markets to better reflect the true cost of state access and computati