Vitalik Buterin Predicts SNARKs Could Achieve Under 10x Computational Overhead by 2030

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin expressed optimism regarding the long-term evolution of cryptography. He estimates a 60% probability that SNARKs, Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), and Indistinguishability Obfuscation (iO) will achieve less than 10x computational overhead by the end of this decade, measured by energy and amortized costs. Buterin specifically highlighted that SNARKs are the most likely technology to reach single-digit overhead within this timeframe. Furthermore, he noted a 33% chance that these technologies could eventually reduce overh